Lesiones de rodilla más comunes en el fútbol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/RIECS.2025.10.2.476Keywords:
Lesiones de Rodilla, Fútbol, Medicina del Deporte, Revisión BibliográficaAbstract
El fútbol es uno de los deportes más populares del mundo, con alta prevalencia de lesiones de rodilla en jugadores profesionales, lo cual subraya la necesidad de revisar nuestra comprensión actual de estas lesiones. El objetivo de es revisar la evidencia acerca de las lesiones de rodilla más comunes en jugadores profesionales de fútbol y valorar el estado del arte y los resultados terapéuticos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistematizada en los buscadores electrónicos: PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, o Web of Science y Google Scholar utilizando los descriptores: professional sport and risk, knee injuries, injuries in soccer, elite level soccer players, common injuries in soccer, and prevalence; así como el análisis crítico de la literatura basados en experiencia clínica. De acuerdo con la literatura, las lesiones de rodilla más frecuentes son las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior y otros ligamentos, así como las lesiones de cartílago y menisco. La lesión del LCA fue la más frecuente en todos los casos analizados. El mecanismo de lesión de más frecuente fue por contacto y la posición de juego más afectada fue la defensa. El fútbol es el deporte más comúnmente asociado con lesiones de rodilla. Nuestro estudio pone de manifiesto la alta prevalencia de lesiones de rodilla y con ello la necesidad de aumentar el nivel de concienciación y conocimiento sobre estas lesiones en futbolistas y los profesionales de la salud que los tratan.
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